Working conditions of spacecraft orbiting Earth hostile. The physicochemical properties of the environment change, making the Quite differently, as altitude increases, Radiation and regulates the ambient temperature, so on-ground instruments In fact, the atmosphere surrounding Earth acts as a shield against Is their endurance because of the harsh conditions in which they operate.
One of the main challenges ahead in the fabrication of spacecraft Probably the most famous) example of such “orbiting laboratories”. The International Space Station is the biggest (and Were built to conduct experiments at very peculiar conditions, suchĪs in microgravity, etc., which are of interest forĬountless research fields, ranging from biophysics to agriculture, etc. The Sun to Pluto), and observing the universe surrounding us (galaxies, Movements, etc.), exploring our solar system (from Purposes: studying phenomena on Earth (weather dynamics, tectonic These efforts culminated in the moon mission by Apollo 11 in 1969.Īfterward, thousands of spacecraft were sent into space with diverse Intense rush toward building the most advanced systems for space exploration. The following decades were characterized by an Mankind’s curiosity has wondered what mysteries of the universeĬould be revealed. (the soviet satellite Sputnik 1) was sent in Earth’s orbit, The effects of the space environment on the choice of the architecture Finally, the potential use of perovskite solarĬells in extra-terrestrial conditions is discussed by considering Is given to the physicochemical processes underlying radiation damage Protons, electrons, neutrons, and γ-rays are presented. The main factors used to describe the space environment are introduced,Īnd the results concerning the radiation hardness of perovskites toward Status and perspectives of perovskite photovoltaics in space applications.
Particular, the presence of high-energy radiation is the most dangerousįactor that can damage space technologies. Solar cells intriguing as space technologies however, the extra-terrestrialĮnvironment can easily cause the premature failure of devices. Produced through solution processes, (iii) mainly use low-cost raw The resulting solar cells (i) are thin and lightweight, (ii) can be
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